When excavation of caries leads to pulp exposure, effective pain control (over 90 %) can be obtained by covering the exposure site with a eugenol pellet and filling the cavity with a zinc oxide eugenol dressing. The eugenol pellet should not be used in shallow cavities. In addition to eugenol, corticosteroid-containing solutions and pastes (e.g. "Ledermix") are widely used in many countries with good clinical effect.