| True | False |
| Uncomplicated crown fracture extends to the pulp |
| This type of trauma is typical in young individuals of 8 -11 years of age |
| In the above mentioned age group, preserving pulp vitality is important for continued root development |
| Treatment usually requires a prosthetic crown |
| Composite filling with acid etching and bonding is a typical treatment in uncomplicated crown fracture |
| True | False |
| Pulp is not involved in the fracture line |
| Complicated crown fracture: Critical time elapsed after trauma to decide between pulp capping and pulpotomy is 6 hours |
| Complicated crown fracture: Critical time elapsed after trauma to decide between pulp capping and pulpotomy is 24 hours |
| Complicated crown fracture: Critical time elapsed after trauma to decide between pulp capping and pulpotomy is 48 hours |
| Complicated crown fracture: If partial pulpotomy is indicated, the depth of amputation should be at least 2 mm below exposure site |
| Complicated crown fracture: If partial pulpotomy is indicated, the depth of amputation should be at least 5 mm below exposure site |
| No follow-up radiographs are needed after complicated crown fracture |
| Follow-up radiographs after complicated crown fracture are taken at 3 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months |
| Treatment of complicated crown fracture usually requires a prosthetic crown |
| True | False |
| In crown-root fractures endodontic treatment is often unavoidable |
| In crown-root fractures the endodontic treatment choice is either pulpotomy or pulpectomy |
| In crown-root fractures the choice of the type of endodontic treatment is not dependent on the stage of root development |
| In crown-root fractures surgical or orthodontic treatment may be necessary |
| In crown-root fractures without pulpal exposure, EPT can give false negative results the first few weeks after trauma |
| Crown-root fractures always require clinical and radiographical follow-up |
| True | False |
| In horizontal root fracture the coronal fragment may require repositioning |
| The tooth becomes always necrotic in horizontal root fracture |
| If splint is necessary in horizontal root fracture, it will be used for 1 week |
| If splint is necessary in horizontal root fracture, it will be used for 8 - 12 weeks |
| Apical fragment must be always removed |
| When endodontic treatment is indicated In horizontal root fracture, both fragment must be instrumented and filled |
| True | False |
| Concussion: the tooth is always loose in the socket |
| Concussion: the tooth is always displaced in the socket |
| Concussion: negative response in sensitivity test (EPT) is not an indication for root canal treatment |
| True | False |
| Splinting is always indicated in subluxation |
| Duration of splinting, when required, is 1 - 2 weeks |
| Subluxation: negative response in sensitivity test (EPT) is not an absolute indication for root canal treatment |
| The tooth is loosened in subluxation |
| The tooth is dispositioned in subluxation |
| True | False |
| The tooth is loosened in extrusive luxation |
| The tooth is dispositioned in extrusive luxation |
| Repositioning is always required in extrusive luxation |
| In extrusive luxation the possibility of external inflammatory root resorption is over 50% |
| In extrusive luxation the possibility of external inflammatory root resorption is under 10% |
| In extrusive luxation the possibility of external inflammatory root resorption is over 20% |
| Splint is maintained for 8 weeks in extrusive luxation |
| Splint is maintained for 2 - 3 weeks in extrusive luxation |
| In extrusive luxation the tooth always remains vital |
| True | False |
| In lateral extrusion the tooth is typically dislocated buccally |
| Surgical operation is required to reposition the tooth in lateral extrusion |
| Digital pressure is used to move the tooth back through the buccal fenestration into the socket |
| Splint is maintained for 8 weeks in lateral extrusion |
| Splint is maintained for 3 - 4 weeks in lateral extrusion |
| Splint is maintained for 1 week in lateral extrusion |
| In cases of marginal bone breakdown in lateral extrusion, the splint is maintained an extra 3 - 4 weeks |
| In lateral luxation the possibility of external inflammatory root resorption is over 50% |
| In lateral luxation the possibility of external inflammatory root resorption is under 10% |
| In lateral luxation the possibility of external inflammatory root resorption is over 20% |
| Lateral luxation seldom results in pulpal necrosis |
| True | False |
| In intrusive luxation the tooth has come out of the socket |
| In intrusive luxation the tooth is loose |
| In intrusive luxation orthodontic or surgical treatment is usually required to reposition the tooth |
| In some cases of intrusive luxation spontaneous eruption can be used |
| Spontaneous surgical repositioning of intruded teeth bears a high risk of external inflammatory root resorption |
| External inflammatory root resorption is a typical and common complication of intrusion injury |
| Pulpal necrosis typically follows intrusion trauma |
| Endodontic treatment should be started immediately after trauma |
| Endodontic treatment should be started 7 - 10 days after trauma when signs of external inflammatory root resorption are present |
| Endodontic treatment should be started ca. 4 weeks after trauma when signs of external inflammatory root resorption are present |
| Short term calcium hydroxide treatment of 1 - 2 weeks is typically used in endodontic treatment after intrusion trauma with external inflammatory root resorption |
| Follow-up is not required after intrusion injury |
| True | False |
| Immediate replantation should always be preferred after avulsion (exarticulation) |
| Replantation of an avulsed tooth must always be done by a dentist |
| If immediate replantation of an avulsed tooth is not possible, it must be kept in the patient's mouth or in milk |
| When possible, the avulsed tooth should be rinsed with saline before replantation |
| In avulsion treatment, systemic antibiotics should be used |
| Check for / provide tetanus prophylaxis when the tooth has been in contact with soil |
| Maintain splint for 3 months |
| Maintain splint for 1 - 2 weeks |
| Endodontic treatment is started immediately after avulsion |
| Endodontic treatment is started 7 - 10 days after avulsion |
| Endodontic treatment is seldom required after avulsion |
| When external inflammatory root resorption follows avulsion trauma, calcium hydroxide treatment is used in the root canal |