| True | False |
| Endodontic treatment is always preceded by clinical and radiological examination |
| Optimally, a diagnosis should be made before initiating the treatment |
| Patient information is given only after the treatment has been completed |
| Prognosis estimation should not be part of patient information before endodontic treatment |
| True | False |
| Because of the individual and highly variable nature of endodontic diseases, it is not possible to have a general treatment plan for each type of endodontic diagnosis |
| A tooth with a radicular cyst always has also apical periodontitis |
| A tooth with apical periodontitis always has also a radicular cyst |
| Periapical surgery is always a required part of the treatment of possible radicular cyst |
| Sodium hypochlorite is a commonly used irrigating solution in endodontic treatments |
| EDTA is used only in pulpitis treatments |
| Treatment of cervical resorption is always started with root canal treatment |
| Treatment of cervical resorption is never started with root canal treatment |
| Treatment of internal resorption always requires long term calcium hydroxide treatment |
| Systemic antibiotics are not routinely used in the treatment of internal resorption |
| True | False |
| Aseptic procedures are important to prevent contamination of the root canal during and after endodontic treatment |
| Preparatory aseptic procedures include plaque removal |
| Preparatory aseptic procedures include working length radiograph |
| Preparatory aseptic procedures include removal of caries |
| Preparatory aseptic procedures include building up of crown to facilitate rubber dam placement |
| Rubber dam reduces the effectiveness of endodontic work |
| Rubber dam prevents aspiration of instruments |
| Rubber dam is made only of latex |
| Silicone based dams are not suitable for endodontic work |
| Rubber dam cannot be used with bridges |
| 5% NaOCl is effective in sterilizing GP points when needed |
| Cotton pellet under the temporary filling increases risk for leakage |
| True | False |
| All teeth with pulpitis must be anesthetized before endodontic treatment |
| All teeth with apical periodontitis must be anesthetized before endodontic treatment |
| Block anesthesia is required in upper but not in lower molars |
| Intrapulpal anesthesia may be painful for the patient for a few seconds |
| Ligament anesthesia may in some cases be a good supplement to infiltration anesthesia |
| Ligament anesthesia may in some cases be a good supplement to block anesthesia |
| Intraosseous anesthesia is applied under periost on the surface of the cortical bone |
| True | False |
| Diamond and hard metal bur can both be used to penetrate through enamel and dentine |
| Hard metal bur can be used to penetrate through porcelain |
| Bat tip Gates burs are suitable for shaping canal orifices |
| The quality and dimensions of access cavity are of great importance to instrumentation of canals |
| True | False |
| WL should be determined with one method only to avoid confusion |
| Apex locators readings give a linear distance from the apex |
| Multifrequency apex locators are not reliable |
| Combination of WL determining methods should be used whenever possible |
| True | False |
| The purpose of instrumentation is to remove vital and necrotic pulp tissue and bacteria from the canal |
| The purpose of instrumentation is to facilitate irrigation |
| The purpose of instrumentation is to facilitate placement of materials into the canal space |
| The purpose of instrumentation is to facilitate placement of root filling |
| Instrument structure/design dictates the correct way of using them |
| Hedstroem files should be rotated for effective instrumentation |
| Reamers remove dentine best when used in a filing motion |
| True | False |
| 27 gauge is 0.52 mm |
| 30 gauge is 0.32 mm |
| Chlorhexidine effectively removes smear layer |
| EDTA effectively removes smear layer |
| NaOCl kills bacteria and yeasts |
| NaOCl is typically used in concentrations between 0.2% - 0.5% |
| True | False |
| Overinstrumentation with paper points is harmless |
| Overinstrumentation with paper points may initiate bleeding |
| Pulp chamber and coronal canal can be dried with suction by the irrigation syringe |
| One standardized paper point is enough to dry one canal |
| True | False |
| Calcium hydroxide is best applied into the canal with a lentulo |
| Iodine is effective against Enterococcus |
| True | False |
| Temporary top filling should be minimum 4mm thick in order to prevent leakage |
| ZnO eugenol gives a tight seal |
| Zn phosphate cement gives better seal than IRM |
| Cotton pellet under the temporary filling reduces the risk for leakage |
| After permanent root filling, the (temporary) top filling is no longer important |
| True | False |
| Root filling helps preventing reinfection of the canal |
| Root filling prevents ingrowth of apical connective tissue |
| Cold lateral condensation is a common root filling technique |
| Use of sealer is optional, depending on the root filling technique chosen |
| Sealer is not used with single cone technique |
| In chloroform dipping technique the GP cone is softened with chloroform for better adaptation in the canal |
| In warm gutta percha techniques, the gutta percha is heated to ca. 60 degrees |
| A special Thermaprep oven is part of the Obtura II system |
| Warm gutta percha fillings give better seal than cold filling techniques |
| System B is particularly designed for filling the most apical canal |
| Elements obturation contains a System B unit and a backfilling unit |
| In Calamus warm gutta percha system, the gutta percha is individually packed in cartridges |
| Thermafil root fillings contain a plastic core |
| True | False |
| From leakage point of view, permanent top filling is not important after permanent root filling has been done |
| True | False |
| Follow-up is important for apical periodontitis but not for pulpitis |
| Both clinical and radiographical investigation should be done in endodontic controls |
| Healing after conservative treatment of apical periodontitis can be observed up to four (4) years |
| The routine time for control is one year after the endodontic treatment was completed |