Table 2

The average length of teeth in the lower jaw varies from 19mm to 25 mm. The canine is the longest tooth in the lower jaw and only slightly shorter than the upper canine.

The central incisor is usually straight, down to the root tip. Most lower premolars and canines are also quite straight, while lateral incisors and molars typically have curved roots.

All teeth in the lower jaw can have double canals. Double canals are located in the bucco-lingual direction. In the molars, double canals are typically found in mesial canals, but may be also found in distal canals, particularly in the first molar.