Diagnosis has a central position in all dental treatment. Accordingly, endodontic treatment must always be based on diagnosis, either a final diagnosis or a tentative diagnosis. Diagnosis must always be documented in the patient journal, and if new findings after starting the treatment cause changes or modifications to the original tentative diagnosis, these too have to be written down. It is important to understand that some diagnoses, such as radicular cyst, cannot be established without a histological examination.