In many teeth, before root canal treatment is initiated, preparatory procedures are needed to ensure effective asepsis during the treatment. These procedures include: 1) removal of plaque; 2) removal of caries and leaking old fillings; 3) building roots and fractured/destroyed crown with a tight filling material (pictures above). Acid etched composite fillings are usually suitable, sometimes also reinforced glass-ionomer or even IRM. In extreme cases, a copper ring may be cemented around the root to guarantee high level of asepsis in later endodontic work.